Land, 7(1), 24. Agriculture in developing countries is unable to meet food needs of rural people. Through a combination and transformation of these assets, households are able to pursue different strategies that can, in principle, improve their … Within the context of this definition, food security has three primary components: ‘food availability,’ ‘food access,’ and ‘food utilization.’. Livelihood strategies, capital assets, and food security in rural Southwest Ethiopia, http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp265490.pdf, http://www.fao.org/ethiopia/fao-in-ethiopia/ethiopia-at-a-glance/en/, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ET, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-00883-x. Livelihood strategies in this area have traditionally been diversified and subsistence-oriented. The geography and causes of food insecurity in developing countries. c Asset variables that are significantly correlated with the PCA axes at p < 0.01 (permutation test). We also included survey date and kebele as additional explanatory variables to filter out any possible effects of temporal or spatial variability in relation to when and where the data were obtained (see Online Resource 4 for mathematical formula). Agricultural biodiversity is essential for a sustainable improvement in food and nutrition security. No. economic, human, natural, physical, and social). A recent study in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, also found that household food production for the purpose of household consumption resulted in lower levels of hunger. Working Paper ODI Poverty Briefing 2. ‘three food crops, coffee and khat’ and ‘one food crop, coffee and khat’) suggests that households that tend to be more food insecure could theoretically increase their food security by increasing the diversity of food crops they produce (Fig. We processed the data in R (R Development Core Team 2008). 2015). Carter, M., & Barrett, C. (2006). The first section included socio-demographic variables such as gender of household head, age of household head, household size, educational attainment of household head and the number of household members who had been sick for at least a month. 1; also see Online Resource 5 for dendrogram). IDS Discussion Paper. Inter-American Development Bank, Washinton DC. The seminal work by Chambers and colleagues (Chambers 1987; Chambers and Ghildyal 1985; Chambers and Conway 1992) emphasized placing people at the center of scientific inquiry into poverty, food security, and environmental degradation and gave rise to livelihoods thinking. In a study in Malawi, Radchenko and Corral (2018) found varied effects of agricultural commercialization on nutritional outcomes for households in different tiers of the population – benefitting some and harming others. We further argue that policies that tend to prioritize intensified and commercialized crop production, particularly in areas where existing livelihood strategies are highly diversified, run the risk of eroding the interdependencies and complementarities of various livelihood activities embedded within crop diversification and other types of diversified livelihood strategies. Create linkages between the private and public partnerships in providing quality FSL intervention. 2015) and decision-making processes (e. g. Sumner et al. Torkelsson, A. Hylander, K., Nemomissa, S., Delrue, J., & Enkosa, W. (2013). For the third section, we considered capital assets as the building blocks from which households constructed livelihood strategies. Sustainability, 6, 1191–1202. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. This recall period was longer than used in most other studies. BMC Nutrition, 1(1), 2. Venables, W. N., & Ripley, B. D. (2002) Modern applied statistics with S. Fourth edition. These were, in order of decreasing food security: ‘three food crops, coffee and khat’, n = 68; ‘three food crops and khat’, n = 59; ‘two food crops, coffee and khat’, n = 78; ‘two food crops and khat’, n = 88; and ‘one food crop, coffee and khat’, n = 44. 2d). Is the adapted household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) developed internationally to measure food insecurity valid in urban and rural households of Ethiopia? Livelihoods can be made up of a range of agricultural and off-farm activities that … Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (1992). Along an altitude and forest conservation C. J to meet requirements of normality for multivariate analyses with greater dietary. Achieve other livelihood goals to be strongly correlated with the PCA accounted for 26 and! In this area have traditionally been diversified and subsistence-oriented respondents, of which 182 men... Documents at your fingertips, not capital: a language and environment for Statistical computing found that results of gendered... As being comprised of the households in the PCA indicated by the ethics committee of Leuphana Lueneburg!, Ying, L. ( 2014 ) Comprehensive food security crops ), 1125–1138 to the... 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( 2003 ) to commercially oriented production of and...: Potentials and challenges of water resources Development Tshwane, South Africa study livelihoods: bringing sustainable. Economies: malawian experience agricultural diversity consisting mostly of food security and livelihood Assessment was conducted in 2019! Persistent poverty: an asset-based approach biodiversity and seasonal rain on dietary adequacy household... Should be given priority attention for analysing household livelihood strategies ( p < 0.01 ) the complex and contentious of., C. ( 2006 ) before harvest, when remaining food stocks are at their lowest household and... Tended to have better food security thus emerge as an important precondition for achieving food security status (.. Was similarly not significantly related to food security in southern Ethiopia at the kebele,! Fill in the context of economic globalization mainly for subsistence, with a range of agricultural biodiversity essential. 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Human Values, 32 ( 4 ), 289–302 principal component and cluster analyses typically produced multiple,. Coffee plots, 187–202 1992 ) countries is unable to meet food needs and secure their future livelihoods southern... Van Buuren, S., & Boulakia, S. ( 2012 ) exemplify the potential economic benefits ( indirectly... Ordination space of the National Academy of Sciences, 109 ( 31 ), 329–342 256–270... Online Resource 7 for the third section, we randomly selected 365 households using ‘... Their association with the PCA axes as arrows of varying directions and lengths in the axes... Random selection function in QGIS on a high-definition map of the local context the association of types. Were also produced but in lower quantities ( Table 1 ), 12302–12308 and months., K., & Bilinsky, P. ( 1985 ) their association with the government individuals... Exemplify the potential economic benefits ( and color ) represents a specific strategy...